Superplastic forming involves stretching the material at least 200% beyond its original size, although the deformation can. Silicone rubber orings made with compression molding. Forming spf superplastic forming uses a high temperature and gas pressure to form the material under suitable stress and deformation rate to take advantage of the formability of superplastic materials. Evolution of hot forming and superplastic forming presses in. Superplastic forming presents probably an engaging alternative to alternative forming techniques, and this is due to the low flow stress characteristic of superplastic deformation, and low tooling. Superplastic forming and diffusion bonding solheim. Aug 22, 2012 this is an example of superform usas superplastic forming of aluminum, or magnesium using the cavity forming technique. It is a superior technique for causing large amounts of deformation under low strain rates and flow stresses, in comparison with techniques such as deep drawing 1 and 2. They are not necessarily new but can be regarded as emerging technologies with respect to their application to aluminum alloys. Hot forming senior aerospace thermal engineering are. Superplastic forming 40 years and still growing springerlink. Superplastic forming presents probably an engaging alternative to alternative forming techniques, and this is due to the low flow stress characteristic of. Titanium and titanium alloys superplastic forming of. This process has evolved as a natural combination of the spf and db process because the temperature requirements for both processes are similar.
Superplastic forming is a specialist process used for deforming metal sheet to extremely large plastic strains to produce thinwalled components to the nearnet shape. Superplastic forming an overview sciencedirect topics. General motors has developed quick plastic forming qpf as a hot blow forming process capable of producing aluminum closure panels at high volumes. Forming spf superplastic forming is a forming technique using material heated to the super plastic state to increase its formability allowing high elongation ratio for forming complex parts and deep shapes. Mar 25, 20 advantageso it can simulate a variety of other conventional metal forming techniques such as stamp or pressforming and spinforming in a single operation. Superplastic forming and diffusion bonding of titanium alloys.
A method of superplastic forming of titanium packs and an associated assembly is provided. Superplastic forming plays an important role in many industrial and aerospace applications. In this course you will learn practical modeling skills and techniques for. Ti 6al 4v and some stainless steels this is around 900 c 1,650 f and for aluminium alloys e. A range of alloys is available including 2004 al6cu0.
Spfdb is the combination of any superplastic forming spf technique and diffusion bonding db. Super plastic forming spf superplastic forming uses a high temperature and gas pressure to form the material under suitable stress and deformation rate to take advantage of the formability of superplastic materials. Superplastic forming spf is a near netshape forming process which offers many. This technology has been successfully implemented for automotive liftgates and decklids with complex shapes. New process related developments in superplastic forming and conventional forming of aluminum, titanium, nickel. The constant forming temperature was changed from 500 uc to. The most common process for superplastic forming of sheet material is a blow forming process similar to that used for thermoplastic polymer foils and sheets figure 6. This is an example of superform usas superplastic forming of aluminum, or magnesium using the bubble forming technique. Pdf the mechanics of superplastic forming how to incorporate. This work is part of larger research programme and its contribution to general knowledge is to share with other researchers concept and construction method of ngspf. Superplasticity, first observed some seventy years ago, remained a scientific curiosity until about twenty years ago. Superplastic forming process of sheet metal techminy. Aug 22, 2012 this is an example of superform usas superplastic forming of aluminum, or magnesium using the bubble forming technique. Updates and addition of practical reference information on basic operations of bending, press forming, and press brake forming.
Superplastic forming, aero engine, titanium, applications, inspection. The large tensile elongations and typically low flow stresses associated with a superplastic metal permit the forming of complex parts using methods andfbrming pressures not. Superplastic blow forming of 2219 aluminium alloy p. A method of forming and a blank therefor, in which the blank 1 comprises a parent body 2 and at least one insert 3, at least one of which is made of a material which possesses superplastic properties.
In superplastic duplex stainless steel, the diffusion of carbon and boron is faster than in non superplastic duplex stainless steel. Stamping hydroforming punch stretching forging rolling drawing superplastic forming targeted audience this course is recommended for engineers with experience using abaqus prerequisites none about this course 3 days. For example, jovane 8 has determined superplastic forming parameters, such as k and m, by varying the applied pressure in increments and thus optimized the pressure at which change in strain rate becomes insignificant. The titanium packs can include sheets having different granular structures so that the different sheets are adapted to superplastically form at different temperatures. Friction stir welding, superplastic forming and diffusion bonding titanium alloys have turned strategically important in aerospace applications due to their high strength to weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and good strength sustainability at high temperatures. There are two types of superplastic behaviour, known as finegrained or finestructure and internalstress superplasticity. The insert 3 is joined to the parent body 2 by friction stir welding. The superplastic forming manufacturing process usually consists of heating the material to about half its absolute melting.
A complete family of bn products is available for aluminum sheet that is used in lightweight transportation structures as well as for titanium sheet and bulk which is. Superplastic forming press fsp t homogeneity at c1800f high accuracy of gas management system with multiple lines. Superplastic forming is an industrial process used for creating precise and complex. The primary purpose of the invention is to provide a blank for a forming process during which some parts of the. Studies on superplastic forming techniques are frequently based on singlestage forming operations. Considerable growth of forming techniques may be noticed in hydroforming, electromagnetic metal forming, sheet metal forming with elastic tools, cavity forming processes pneumatic bulging of superplastic sheet metal forming, laser forming and laser assisted forming, magneticpulse forming, shot peen forming and methods of incremental forming. This is an example of superform usas superplastic forming of aluminum, or magnesium using the cavity forming technique. Breakthrough technologies in aerospace industry for titanium. Superplasticity is the ability of material to undergo extreme elongation allowing for deep drawn, intricate shapes. Forming studies were pursued to evaluate the process parameters of superplastic forming and to extend the process to. Forming studies were pursued to evaluate the process parameters of superplastic forming and to extend the process to forming aircraft structural components.
Superplastic forming scientific publications argonne national. Superplasticity the unusual ability of some metals and alloys to elongate uniformly thousands of percent at elevated temperatures, much. Superplastic forming is a costeffective manufacturing process for producing both simple and complex shapes from aluminium alloy sheet, because of its lowcost tooling and short lead times for production. Superplastic forming is a process by which extremely complex parts are produced from a single sheet of superplastic material. Plastic is a material consisting of any of a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic that are malleable and can be moulded into solid objects of diverseshapes. Sheet metal forming massachusetts institute of technology. Superplastic forming requires material with a fine grained less than 10m, astm grain size 10 two phase structure, typically alphabeta alloys such as ti6al4v. Overview of quick plastic forming technology scientific.
Applying superplastic forming principles to titanium sheet. Special issue superplasticity and superplastic forming. Elastoforming for special stamping or fluid cell parts. Super plastic forming spf superplastic forming is a forming technique using material heated to the super plastic state to increase its formability allowing high elongation ratio for forming complex parts and deep shapes. The superplastic forming technique is used to form a nearnet shape in superplastic materials, with tremendous cost savings and weight reduction potential over conventional forming processes. Forging is a common technique to form near net shape massive products and a new. Superplastic forming ngspf that utilised novel heat management techniques. The second type, internal stress superplasticity iss, refers to. Superplastic is fantastic bae systems international. One or more of the sheets can be formed at a temperature that is below the superplastic forming temperature of another sheet in the pack. An integrated approach to the superplastic forming of. It is a superior technique for causing large amounts of deformation under low strain rates and flow stresses, in comparison with techniques such as deep drawing 1 and 2, hot rolling 3, cold rolling 4, incremental forming 2. High definition of form is possible and with tooling and part both heated to temperature a superior accuracy of form is possible avoiding springback. Superplastic forming spf process is an important advanced manufacturing method that has the benefit of certain materials capability to undergo large strains.
Superplastic forming and hot forming are two favored processing techniques to work titanium sheets. The breakthrough for superplastic alcu alloys was made by stowell, watts and grimes in 1969 when the first of several dilute aluminum alloys al6% cu0. The superplastic forming process is used in a wide range of highvalueadded manufacturing sectors to make lightweight, complexshaped components for highperformance applications. Purchase superplastic forming of advanced metallic materials 1st edition. Plastics are typically organic polymers of high molecular mass, but they often contain other substances. Superplastic forming is an industrial process used for creating precise and complex components out of superplastic materials. The spf method is very similar to techniques used for processing thermoplastics. Stretching of the sheet during superplastic forming is much higher than with rolling and sheet forming. Current and likely future trends are discussed including.
The superplastic sheet is placed between two heated tool halves and tightly clamped between them along its outer perimeter by some mechanical device, usually a hydraulic press. Evolution of hot forming and superplastic forming presses. Currently, it is a highcost process, for example, the superplastic forming of titanium alloys involves a hightemperature furnace, costly mould tooling and has a. Superplastic forming press fsp t homogeneity at c1800f high accuracy of gas management system.
Superform usa superplastic forming bubble forming technique. Titanium exhibits superplastic behavior and the capability of diffusion bonding with the ability to readily absorb the thin surface oxides and dissolve minor amounts of adsorbed gases that inhibits the formation of required metallic bonding. Superplastic forming spf is receiving increasing interest as a process capable of radically extending the limitations associated with the more conventional processes. The ability of materials to exhibit extensive plastic deformation generally the elongation is over 200% at an elevated temperature t 0.
Breakthrough technologies in aerospace industry for. Schematic representations of a female forming, b drape forming, c male forming, d back pressure forming, e diaphragmmembrane forming. Superplasticity article about superplasticity by the. The process uses high temperature and gas pressure to form material at the desired deformation rates. Construction of nextgeneration superplastic forming using. Superplastic forming of advanced metallic materials 1st. Evolution of hot forming and superplastic forming presses in the aerospace industry thierry favre, lead spfhf engineer, acb. Machining from a block is an option but often very costly compared to innovative forming techniques. This program was directed at the establishment of superplastic forming of ti6al4v and ti6al2sn4zr2mo alloys as a production process.
In superplastic duplex stainless steel, the diffusion of carbon and boron is faster than in nonsuperplastic duplex stainless steel. Effects on the surface texture, superplastic forming, and. The second type, internal stress superplasticity iss, refers to the development of. Advantageso it can simulate a variety of other conventional metal forming techniques such as stamp or pressforming and spinforming in a single operation. Ca2801975a1 method of superplastic forming of titanium. It is now recognized as a property which can be utilized in forming processes. Forming takes place in the supercooled liquid region, where the bmg exists as a highly viscous liquid and increases its. It was shown that the pin tool marks along the top surface of the weld can be highly detrimental to both the superplastic forming spf. One of the reasons it is so agile is due to the design of and the role played by the foreplanes. The speed and feed effects of the friction stir welding fsw process on the surface texture along the top of a butt welded nugget were studied. Superplasticity and superplastic forming article pdf available in materials science and technology 111.
Ngan, in modern physical metallurgy eighth edition, 2014. This process is great for rubber keypad switches, gaskets, orings and other soft, pliable thinwalled parts. To begin with there is the ability to form components with double curvature and smooth contours from single sheet in one operation, with exceptional dimensional accuracy and surface finish, and none of the spring back associated with cold forming techniques. Superplastic forming spf is an advanced manufacturing method for producing very complex thinsheet components. The material is first heated up to promote superplasticity. Superplastic forming spf is a method especially useful for obtaining complex and precise lightweight metal components, which is achieved at a particular. Superplastic aluminum alloys total materia article.
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